Stamp collecting, hula hoops, platform shoes, Barbie dolls, skateboarding, video games, and tattoos are all fads that have appeared over the years. Some stay around longer than others, but these are a few examples to demonstrate that the world is constantly changing. In the business world, there are many companies that refused to go with the flow, and got left behind. Others adapt and remain profitable.
It was very interesting for me to work on a number of projects with British Airways, who are one of the world’s largest airlines. The last twenty years has seen some enormous changes in that industry, many of which could never have been predicted, and each change called for a radical rethink of marketing strategies. Let’s look back over some of the key changes and see how British Airways reacted.

Until the mid 1980’s, it seemed that British Airways had got into a bit of a rut with their advertising. Most of their offerings were fairly bland, and very British. But since that time, they have radically changed their approach, and thought carefully about what would appeal to their customers. Each campaign in the last fifteen years or so has been specifically targeted to a much narrower group of customers, sometimes referred to as niche markets.
In the yuppie era of the 1980’s, British Airways ad campaigns featured hard-working white collar workers dashing to get on the “red eye” (night time flight) to maximise their working time during daylight hours. At the time, that’s what business flying was all about. The innovation of laptop computers meant that employees could take their work with them, and many individuals seemed to be working all the hours in the day. Hollywood movies such as “Wall Street” coined phrases like “lunch is for wimps.” Most companies were raking in money in the booming economy, and B.A. succeeded in attracting a substantial number of customers in the top end of the business market, where the fares were the highest and the yields the greatest. Coming into the mid 1990’s, there was much more emphasis on “looking after yourself,” even to the point of pampering oneself. With many young people suffering from burnout or Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, the trend was to be more sensibly paced, and to reward hard work with equal amounts of “play”. B.A. wanted to get the message across that if you flew with them, they would really look after you, and that flying was a time to relax and unwind, away from the stresses of the office. The “Up on the roof” campaign worked well in conveying this. Using the relaxing musical theme “Up on the roof,” the commercial showed an executive relaxing in a swimming pool on the top of a skyscraper within a big city. Two environments were featured at the same time – the workplace, and the relaxation area. This concept fitted well with the intended marketing message and the campaign was a great success.
In the mid 1990’s airlines started to form alliances with each other. The first major alliance named the “Star Alliance” incorporated Virgin, United, Lufthansa, Singapore Airlines and others. This partnership of airlines meant more benefits to customers, and more sales for the airlines.
British Airways took the initiative to create another major alliance, named “One World,” with the emphasis on a smoother travel experience as a result of the cooperation of a number of airlines. A high profile and extended advertising campaign targeted regular travellers, who were most likely to benefit from the new alliance.
In the late 1990’s, B.A. realised that the majority of their passengers at that time were not British, which seems rather odd, as it was the predominant national airline. After conducting surveys, they found that many foreigners were keen on the British Airways service style, and were choosing B.A. over their own national airlines. Whereas many British people considered B.A. to be too formal and stuffy, that unique service style was often considered to be a positive aspect by many other nations.
It was a challenge to appeal to both types of customer (which they tried for a while), and B.A. were keen to attract more British passengers, so they launched a series of adverts that attempted to draw in more of their national passengers.
However, no one could have predicted what was to come next… In to the year 2000 and beyond, recession was hitting many countries. The boom time of business air travel was definitely over, and many companies cut back on their staff air travel. The events of September 11, 2001 struck another blow to an already ailing industry. This resulted in a massive cutback in air travel by many companies, both from the point of view of saving costs, as well as an element of fear of further terrorist attacks. Many companies chose to use video links rather than send their employees on flights.
At the time, B.A. had to think very carefully about how to try and win back the lucrative business travel sector, and they came up with an award winning marketing concept. The advert showed two UK based businessmen, who were independently trying to win a lucrative contract in the USA. One of them was shown trying to do the deal on the phone, whereas the other flew over to the USA and met personally with the client. The strap line was: “It’s better to be there”—the notion being that when doing business with other countries, if there is a choice between communicating by phone or email, compared to being there in person, “it’s better to be there.” The campaign went a long way in helping to rekindle business travel.
Looking back over the years, it is amazing how much companies like B.A. have changed. Although they may not have wanted to go down a certain route with their service, if that’s the way the market leads them then at a particular time, it would be foolish to go against the flow. Imagine if British Airways had dug their heels and said, “No, we will offer customers what we think is best for them.” The business would have died a quick death.
Let’s take another example, this time from the world of photography. Since the 1990’s, digital cameras have steadily risen in popularity to the point where they overtook the sales of traditional film cameras by a substantial margin. Companies like Kodak and Fuji, whose businesses were focused on manufacturing rolls of film, had to embrace this new digital technology, or be left out in the cold. Although the adoption of digital cameras was a gradual process, it was unrelenting, and it has meant a radical rethink of the business structure of all traditional camera and film manufacturers.
Demonstrating just how far the world of photography has changed, early in 2004, Kodak announced that they would no longer be selling traditional film cameras in western markets, such as the U.S.A., Canada and Western Europe. I’ve also just heard that there’s only one remaining manufacturer of instant photo film.
The Times newspaper of London recently reported a 50% decline in the use of payphones in Britain, as a result of the increasing use of cellphones.
About 30,000 of those iconic red phone booths (1/3rd of the total) have been removed in response to dramatically decreased usage.
What once seemed rock solid, secure businesses have changed dramatically.
We have seen that as the years pass by, consumer trends vary dramatically. What suits buyers at one particular time can change very quickly. It is essential to keep up to date with what your customers want. You should constantly be re-evaluating the marketplace. What are your customer’s current needs? Have world events had an impact on what they want? Has new technology affected their view of your products or services? Should you consider developing and offering other products or services that better fit changing needs? Has new competition opened up which could threaten to take a share of the market you are in?
How can you tell what changes are happening? There are several things you can, and should do. Keep up to date with the news—every day if possible. Ask your customers directly how you can serve them better. You may well be surprised at how helpful they are. Observe people everywhere. Are new trends emerging in what they wear, what they eat, their choice of music and entertainment, and so on? All these things are indicators of trends.
To be effective in business, you really need to be one step ahead all the time, pre-empting the changes that are likely to affect your business.
Share and Enjoy:
These icons link to social bookmarking sites where readers can share and discover new web pages.